GIS, UNIGIS und andere Kleinigkeiten

Der WebMapping-Standard WMS des Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) ist mittlerweile etabliert und weit verbreitet. Vor allem in Nordamerika existieren recht viele, öffentlich zugängliche WMS-Server. Auch in Europa gibt es mittlerweile ein respektables Angebot. Wie sieht es aber in der Schweiz aus?

Die kurze Antwort: sehr mager!

Zuerst muss gesagt werden, dass es nicht ganz einfach ist, WMS-Server zu finden. Es gibt eine Reihe von Organisationen, die eine durchsuchbare Liste von WMS-Servern anbieten: Refractions Research, Mapdex, Skylab. Auch die Geo-Suchmaschine Geometa.info der Hochschule Rapperswil ermöglicht die Suche nach WMS-Servern. Schlussendlich kann man die WMS-Server auch ganz einfach in Google suchen. Dazu muss man einfach nach den Strings 'request=getcapabilities' bzw. 'request=capabilities' suchen. Die Bilanz dieser Suchaktion ist wie gesagt mager. Zwar gibt es in der Schweiz mittlerweile eine ganze Reihe von Webmapping-Angeboten des Bundes (ecoGIS, swisstopo-Geodatenviewer), der Kantone (ZH, SG/AI/AR, NE uvm.) und von Hochschulen (Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil), doch nur ganz wenige dieser Angebote sind auch als WMS-Dienst verfügbar. Mir bekannt sind folgende URLs:

Bundesamt für Umwelt:
www.ecogis.admin.ch/de/wms

Kanton Genf:
etat.geneve.ch/wmsconnector/com.esri.wms.Esrimap?ServiceName=CGI_INTEGRAL
etat.geneve.ch/wmsconnector/com.esri.wms.Esrimap?ServiceName=SSIG_amenagement_wms
etat.geneve.ch/wmsconnector/com.esri.wms.Esrimap?ServiceName=SSIG_wms_geneve
Es sind hier eine ganze Reihe von Layern verfügbar: u.a. Gewässerschutzzonen, Gewässer, Orthophotos, Landeskarte 1:25'000 etc. Noch mehr Layer sind über den ArcIMS-Server zu erhalten: etat.geneve.ch

Kanton Luzern:
www.geo.lu.ch/wmsconnector/com.esri.wms.Esrimap?ServiceName=geschuWMS
www.geo.lu.ch/wmsconnector/com.esri.wms.Esrimap?ServiceName=gbplan1 (Dieser Server liefert zwar eine GetCapabilities-Antwort, die Anforderung der einzelnen Layer funktioniert aber nicht). Weitaus mehr Layer sind hier über den ArcIMS-Server zu erhalten: www.geo.lu.ch

Kanton Neuenburg:
sitn.ne.ch/ogc-sitn/wms? (Dieser Server liefert zwar eine GetCapabilities-Antwort, die Anforderung der einzelnen Layer funktioniert aber nicht)

ETH Lausanne:
http://photpc17.epfl.ch/cgi-bin/wmsogc? Dieser Server läuft nur zu Demonstrationszwecken. Weitere Infos.

Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil:
webgis.hsr.ch/cgi-bin/trzo (Auch dieser Dienst ist momentan nicht funktionstüchtig)

Fürstentum Liechtenstein:
geodaten.llv.li/WMS (Das Angebot unserer Nachbarn ist nicht riesig, aber es funktioniert immerhin!)

Auch wenn mir bei dieser Suche sicher noch einige WMS-Server entgangen sind, muss ich doch festhalten, dass das Angebot an Schweizer WMS-Servern enttäuschend ist. Woran kann das liegen? Am mangelnden Bekanntheitsgrad der Technologie sicher nicht, schliesslich haben sich u.a. bereits die SOGI (SOGI-Bericht Geo-Webdienste) und das Aktionsprogramm e-geo (Anwendungsprofil Geodienste) mit dem Thema befasst. Wahrscheinlich -- ich spekuliere hier bewusst -- herrscht zur Zeit noch eine gewisse Angst oder ein Respekt vor einer angeblich 'unkontrollierten' Datenabgabe via WMS vor. Viele Kantone und Bundesämter bieten grosse Teile ihrer Daten ja bereits im Rahmen ihrer Webmapping-Portale frei an. Es ist daher nicht so, dass die Anbieter ihre Daten überhaupt nicht öffentlich machen wollen. Aber scheinbar ist die Schwelle vom Webmapping-Portal zu einem ergänzenden WMS-Server ziemlich hoch. Eine technologische Schwelle kann es nicht sein, da die meisten der eingesetzten Webmapping-Software (UMN Mapserver, ESRI ArcIMS) problemlos auch WMS-Abfragen bedienen können. Dies ist sehr schade, denn gerade mit WMS wäre es möglich, die Daten verschiedener (angrenzender) Kantone oder auch Gemeinden (oder anderer Anbieter) nebeneinander in einer einzigen Applikation zu betrachten. Gerade dies würde einen erheblichen Mehrwert gegenüber den bisherigen Webmapping-Portalen bedeuten.

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